April 2011 Archives

Churnalism in science journalism

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Disclaimer: That title is not original. It is copied verbatim from the original at The Guardian where Martin Robbins introduced me to the term "churnalism" with the addition of the word "journalism" at the end. I'll follow his example and quote from Wikipedia:

Churnalism is a form of journalism in which press releases, wire stories and other forms of pre-packaged material are used to create articles in newspapers and other news media in order to meet increasing pressures of time and cost without undertaking further research or checking.
There's even a tool that allows you to detect churnalism (or at least churnalism that appears in national newspapers in the UK, on Sky News, or on the BBC). Martin tried it on 18 stories released by the press office of the University College London and got the following hits:

Translation: 14 of the 18 stories didn't show up as churnalism. That could mean either that the stories weren't reported or that when they were reported, they weren't churned. Sorry to say, I suspect it was the former. In any case, of the four hits at churnalism.org, all showed substantial "recycling" from the UCL press releases. The BBC and the Times were better than others, but even they showed nearly 50% overlap with the press released.

I tried a search on a couple of recent biology-related press releases from the National Science Foundation and neither of them came up. I doubt that U.S. national newspapers are doing that much better than their counterparts in the U.K. I suspect that merely means that U.K. newspapers are, properly, reporting on research coming out of labs in the U.K.

Save the frogs!

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Save-The-Frogs-Day-2011-Icon-328.jpgAs you can see from the image at the left, today is the 3rd annual Save the Frogs Day. What's "Save the Frogs Day" you ask? Here's the answer from their website:

Save The Frogs Day is the world's largest day of amphibian education and conservation action. Please get involved and help save the frogs in your part of the world! There are currently 108 events planned in 19 countries: Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, India, Italy, Mexico, Nepal, New Zealand, Peru, Portugal, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Uganda, the United Kingdom and the USA!
There's even an event right here in Storrs.

Come to UConn to watch a screening of "The Thin Green Line" by Allison Argo. Following the movie there will be a short presentation on amphibian conservation and time for question/answer with several of the Herpetology students. This is the second annual Save The Frogs Day event held at UConn!  

Where: The Biology/Physics Building, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
When: Friday, April 29, 2011, 6pm-8pm
More info: Alex at alex.shepack@gmail.com
The event is free and open to the public, and everyone is encouraged to attend.

Manual typewriters

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Smith-Corona Classic 12

Image by mpclemens via Flickr

The end of an era. When I entered college, manual typewriters were still common. I was among the more fortunate of my friends. I had a Smith Corona electric with a self-correcting ribbon, but when I took typing1 I spent nearly the whole semester typing on a manual typewriter. Only four or five of the machines were electrics, and we weren't allowed to use those until we'd proven that we could type well on the manuals.

It's been a couple of decades since I used a typewriter regularly, even longer since I used a manual. I miss the sound of keys hitting paper and the smell of a fresh ribbon. I sort of wish I had one. I'd pull it out of the closet occasionally and type up a short memo or letter just for the heck of it. Computers can give us Courier, but they can't give us the feel of paper where type has cut into paper. There are still places where you can buy vintage typewritiers, and I may break down and do it. You can't buy a new mechanical typewriter any more.

Godrej and Boyce [the last manufacturer of mechanical typewriters], of India, ceased production in 2009 and has now almost cleared its remaining inventory, according to the Business Standard. (source)

Displacement by climate change

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Global annual fossil fuel carbon dioxide emiss...

Image via Wikipedia

People who live in low-lying areas near the ocean will have to move to higher ground by the end of this century. The IPCC forecasts a global rise of 0.6 feet to 2 feet by the end of this century, and a 2-foot rise could eliminate 10,000 square miles of land in the U.S. (source). One response is, of course, to avoid the high end of this scenario by limiting emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

David Hodgkinson suggests another response -- an international convention for persons displaced by climate change.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the World Bank and many other organisations warn that the effects of climate change will cause large-scale population movements. Climate displacement presents an urgent problem for the international community.

The existence and scope of such displacement are often established by reference to the likely numbers of displaced people. The most cited estimate is 200 million climate change migrants by 2050 or one person in every forty-five.

...

We propose a multilateral Convention to address climate change displacement - an issue which is global in its causes, scope and consequences. The Convention would provide a general framework for assistance to climate change displaced persons (what we call CCDPs), and would address gaps in current human rights, refugee and humanitarian law protections for CCDPs.
For more information about the proposed Convention for Persons Displaced by Climate Change visit http://www.ccdpconvention.com/.


Green economics

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UNEP logo.

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Last February, I noted that the United Nations Environment Program released a report, Towards a green economy. In that report, UNEP argued that investing two percent of global GDP "can kick-start a transitition towards a low-carbon, resource efficient Green Economy" (from the press release announcing the report).

Writing in last week's Nature, Peter Victor and Tim Jackson voice considerable skepticism:

For full convergence of living standards by 2050, coupled with the 80% reduction in global CO2 emissions required to meet a 450 p.p.m. target, we would need a decline in average CO2 intensities in both regions of 8.2% per year.

Taking these factors into account, we cannot presume that a green economy would grow faster than a brown one.

They base their conclusion on two claims:

  1. The target for CO2 emissions (35% relative to 2011 emissions) is too modest to reach the IPCC's 450ppm target.
  2. UNEP's calculations depend on treating the world economy as a single entity, ignoring regional inequities.
If they're right, that's bad news for proponents of a green economy. The first claim is plausible, but I don't know enough about economics to be able to assess (a) whether the second claim is right and (b) whether it would favor a "brown" economy over a green one in the way that Victor and Jackson claim. If there are responses to their letter, I'll let you know.


Love your mother

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Remember Bolivia's "Law of Mother Earth"? Bolivia also led a resolution in the General Assembly of the United Nations to declare today International Mother Earth Day. According to a press release from the UN accompanying the resolution,

By the text, the Assembly acknowledged that "the Earth and its ecosystems are our home", and expressed its conviction that, in order to achieve a just balance among the economic, social and environmental needs of present and future generations, "it is necessary to promote harmony with nature and the Earth".
So love your mother, and do something nice for the planet today.


Congratulations, Rob!

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colwell041004.jpg The American Academy of Arts & Sciences announced yesterday that my colleague, Rob Colwell, is among the 212 new members elected this year. The Academy was founded in 1780 and is one of the most prestigious honorary societies in the United States. To give you an idea of just how prestigious the Academy is, consider a few of the others who were elected to membership this year: Dave Brubeck, Ken Burns, Daniel Day-Lewis, Paul Simon, and Sam Watterson.

You can read the press release announcing the 2011 class at http://www.amacad.org/news/pressReleaseContent.aspx?i=133 and a the full list of those elected this year at http://www.amacad.org/news/alphalist2011.pdf

Conservation in a changing world

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From a recent press release distributed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service:

Starting this Earth Day, April 22, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will launch a series of 50 stories for 50 consecutive weekdays that will explore the many ways accelerating climate change is impacting or may impact fish and wildlife across America. No geographic region is immune.
New stories will be posted Monday through Friday, starting this Friday, at http://www.fws.gov/news/blog/, and more information is available at the Service's climate change web page.

More on wolves

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Gray wolf (Canis lupus).

Image via Wikipedia

Jon Tester (D-MT) has been taking credit for the rider removing Endangered Species Act protections from the northern Rockies populations of gray wolves, but now he has a competitor -- Max Baucus (D-MT). According to the Daily Caller, "Sen. Max Baucus, Montana Democrat and chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, said in an e-mail to constituents the wolf rider is "my plan."

Here's a bit of the letter, which is quoted in full at Daily Caller.

This week we put an end to the hard-fought battle to delist wolves in Montana and return them to state management. It's a huge victory for Montana and a common-sense solution that will give certainty to our ranchers, farmers and hunters once and for all.

...

The science is clear: With over 1700 wolves in the Northern Rockies, wolves are a recovered species. Don't just take my word for it; that's what scientists at the Fish and Wildlife Service have determined. That's why the Fish and Wildlife Service tried to remove Montana and Idaho's wolves from the Endangered Species List back in 2009. The only problem was that without an approved management plan in Wyoming, the Fish and Wildlife Service couldn't legally return wolves in Montana and Idaho to state management.

My plan cuts through the red tape. It restores Montana's ability to manage wolves in a way that works for ranchers, hunters and wolves.

The Wellcome Trust Science Writing Prize

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A little over a week ago, Alok Jha announced the Wellcome Trust Science Writing Prize 2011 in association with The Guardian and The Observer. From the announcement on the Wellcome Trust page.

This exciting new competition aims to find the next generation of undiscovered science writing talent.

We are looking for short articles that address any area of science and would be suitable for publication in the 'Guardian' or the 'Observer' in print and online. You must demonstrate that you have thought about and understood your audience and can bring a scientific idea to life. The deadline for entries is 20 May 2011.


The competition is open to non-published writers in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland,1 and The Guardian has an accompanying series on the "Secrets of good science writing" with entries appearing almost daily. So far my favorite is "Take big, wonderful, and startling ideas and make them comprehensible," by Tim Radford.

2011 Student Conference on Conservation Science

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From an e-mail that recently landed in my inbox:

2011 STUDENT CONFERENCE ON CONSERVATION SCIENCE-New York (SCCS-NY)
American Museum of Natural History 
New York City
12-14 October 2011

The Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History is pleased to announce that we will be hosting our second annual Student Conference on Conservation Science-New York (SCCS-NY), on 12-14 October 2011. 

SCCS-NY is the only international conference designed for graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and early-career professionals pursuing or considering the field of conservation science. The conference provides a unique opportunity for those beginning their careers to present their work before leaders in science, policy, and management. In addition to formal presentations, SCCS-NY offers numerous opportunities to interact with senior-level conservation professionals at workshops, mentored lunches, informal gatherings, and networking events. Such interactions with established conservationists encourage collaboration, inspire new avenues of research, and launch lasting associations.

APPLICATION DEADLINE: 25 April 2011

Who Should Apply to Attend?
Applicants wishing to present their work should have completed, or be conducting, a research project and will be selected based on the quality of their abstract as well as its relevance to conservation. Projects will be considered from any conservation-related course of study, including programs in the natural and social sciences and the humanities. Only one abstract per person may be submitted for consideration.

The Student Conference on Conservation Science-New York 2011 (SCCS-NY) will be hosted by the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) in New York City. Collaborating institutions include Cambridge University, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Columbia University's Earth Institute, Princeton University, AMNH Richard Gilder Graduate School, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Smithsonian-Mason Global Conservation Studies Programs, Bard Center for Environmental Policy, and Fordham University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. 

Mentors and Career Fair Exhibitors 
Please reply to this email if you would be interested in mentoring students during the conference, or if your program, organization, agency, or institution would like to participate in the SCCS-NY Career Fair.


An open letter in support of paleontological research

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Open data is transforming the way we do science -- has transformed the way we do science. Where would modern genetics be without Genbank, EMBL, Entrez, and the rest? And efforts to ensure wide access to original data are proliferating. The National Science Foundation now requires a plan for data management and sharing of research products as part of every proposal (see the latest edition of the Grant Proposal Guide, under "Special information and supplementary documentation."

As data become available from our Dimensions of Biodiversity project, we will make them available here.

I learned recently of an independent effort by paleontologists to encourage similar open access to primary data. I'm not a paleontologist, so I won't sign the open letter supporting the call, but I applaud those who began the campaign and those who signed on for their efforts on the behalf of everyone who wants to make the products of science as broadly accessible as possible.

For more information about the letter visit http://supportpalaeodataarchiving.co.uk/.

Remembering Sally Richards

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I first met Sally Richards late in the 1980s. She was chair of the Science Committee for the Connecticut Chapter of The Nature Conservancy at the time. I came to know her much better over the years that followed, especially the years when we served together on the Board of Trustees for the Connecticut Chapter. Like some other giants of the Connecticut Chapter -- Dick Goodwin, Bill Niering -- she was extremely knowledgeable about the natural heritage of Connecticut, extremely passionate about protecting that heritage, and extremely effective at protecting it. I learned late last week that she passed away at the age of 85.

Here's what was written about her in an e-mail I received earlier this week.

BOSTON, BANGOR and GUILFORD, Conn. - Sarah "Sally" Wheatland Richards, marine biologist and long time resident of Guilford, Conn., and wherever her sailboat happened to moor, died Sunday, April 3, 2011, surrounded by her family at home. She was 85. Sally was born in 1925, in Boston, and was raised in Bangor, the second of four children to Stephen and Dorothy Wheatland. Sally earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Vassar College in 1946 and a master's degree in zoology from Stanford University in 1948. She practiced marine biology for the next 50 years, focusing on estuarine fish, shellfish and birds, eventually running the locally renowned "Little Harbor Lab" out of her Guilford, Conn., home. She devoted much of her time to local and regional conservation efforts, including Guilford Land Conservation Trust, of which she was a founding member, Guilford Shellfish Commission, Faulkner's Island Light Brigade, U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary and Nature Conservancy. From an early age she was a passionate supporter of the Democratic Party and its candidates. Sally and her husband, the late Frederic M. Richards, whom she met while both worked at Yale University in the 1950s, were avid sailors, spending many summers in the high latitudes of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland on their boat, Hekla. The couple also crossed the Atlantic via Iceland under sail, and were lifetime members of Cruising Club of America. She was predeceased by her brother, Richard Wheatland II of Boston. She leaves her sisters, Mary Schley of Columbus, Ga., and Alice Wellman of Bangor; her son, George H. Richards of Fairfield, Conn.; two stepdaughters, Sarah O. Richards of Coupeville, Wash., and Ruth Richards of Cabot, Vt.; four grandchildren, many nieces and nephews. A memorial service will be held 2 p.m. Tuesday, April 26, at First Congregational Church, Guilford, Conn. In lieu of flowers, donations in her memory may be made to Guilford Land Conservation Trust, P.O. Box 200, Guilford, CT 06437 or at www.guilfordlandtrust.org; Faulkner's Island Light Brigade, care of Joseph Nugent, 423 Whitfield St., Guilford, CT 06437; or the CT Challenge, P.O. Box 566, Southport, CT 06890 or at www.ctchallenge.org. In her memorable words that many friends and family heard on their message machines, "Sally out."

The law of Mother Earth

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Bolivians are set to make history. I don't know enough about the "Law of Mother Earth" they are about to have an informed opinion about it, but it is a very intriguing idea. Here's a bit of the story from Sunday's Guardian:

Bolivia is set to pass the world's first laws granting all nature equal rights to humans. The Law of Mother Earth, now agreed by politicians and grassroots social groups, redefines the country's rich mineral deposits as "blessings" and is expected to lead to radical new conservation and social measures to reduce pollution and control industry.

...

Controversially, it will also enshrine the right of nature "to not be affected by mega-infrastructure and development projects that affect the balance of ecosystems and the local inhabitant communities".
Related articles

Or maybe not

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Update (9:00am, 13 April): I just noticed that a commenter (racartwright) pointed this legislative action out yesterday.


Gray wolf (Canis lupus).

Image via Wikipedia

I mentioned yesterday that Judge Donald Molloy rejected a settlement that would have removed wolf populations in Montana and Idaho from the endangered species list, returning their management to the states. I didn't mention1 that the settlement would have maintained Endangered Species Act protection not only for wolves in Wyoming, but also for the small number of wolves in Washington, Oregon, and Utah.

Now I learn that one of the few environmental riders to survive the budget drama we just experienced was written by Rep. Mike Simpson (R-ID) and Sen. Jon Tester (D-MT). Their rider would delist the wolf in Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and Utah2 and prohibit court challlenges to the delisting. ("Wolf delisting survives budget fight, as settlement crumbles", by Phil Taylor, The New York Times, 11 April 2011)

Jennifer Hing, a spokeswoman for the House Appropriations Committee, yesterday said details of the language to be included in the final budget package were not yet available.
This is a very bad precedent. I don't know enough about the settlement that was proposed or Judge Molloy's decision to know whether (a) the settlement was a good one or (b) whether Molloy's rejection was reasonable. I do know that decisions about whether to list or de-list plants or animals should be based on scientific assessments of population status, not by riders attached to budget bills in congress.


Wolves stay on the endangered species list

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In 2009, the federal government removed Endangered Species Act protections from wolf populations in Montana and Idaho, turning over responsibility for management to those states. The wolf population in Wyoming maintained its status on the endangered species list. Conservation groups sued challenging the decision, arguing that the populations in the three states were part of a single population and that the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service had violated requirements of the Act by delisting wolves in Montana and Idaho.

A federal judge agreed, and protections were reinstated. The states appealed.

Earlier this month, 10 of the 14 conservation groups that had filed the original suit came to an agreement with USFWS allowing wolf populations in Montana and Idaho to be removed from the endangered species list. The other groups opposed the settlement -- and said so in court.

On Saturday, Judge Donald Molloy (who has been hearing all of these cases), rejected the plan.

Molloy ruled then that the government erred in lifting federal protections for wolves in Idaho and Montana while leaving them intact for wolves in neighboring Wyoming. He agreed with conservationists that the wolves in all three states were part of a single population that could not be treated separately under the Endangered Species Act. ("U.S. judge keeps protections in place for endangered wolves", by Laura Zuckerman, Reuters)
Stay tuned for more news. I'll post it as I learn more.


The DELIST Act

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Rep. Joe Baca (R-CA) recently introduced a bill that would amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973, the "Discredit Eternal Listing Inequality of Species Takings Act". Baca is clearly bothered by the Delhi Sands Flower-loving fly, which was listed as endangered in 1993. All of the findings cited in the bill concern the fly, but the proposed amendment would have a much broader effect.

Section 4(a) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et sq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

    `(4) Treatment of Certain Species as Extinct- (A) A limited listed species shall be treated as extinct for purposes of this Act upon the expiration of the 15-year period beginning on the date it is determined by the Secretary to be an endangered species, unless the Secretary publishes a finding that--
      `(i) there has been a substantial increase in the population of the species during that period; or
      `(ii) the continued listing of the species does not impose any economic hardship on communities located in the range of the species.
    `(B) In this paragraph the term `limited listed species' means any species that is listed under subsection (c) as an endangered species for which it is not reasonably possible to determine whether the species has been extirpated from the range of the species that existed on the date the species was listed because not all individuals of the species were identified at the time of such listing.'

In other words, a species could remain on the endangered species list only if it increased in number after being determined to be endangered. One that was decreasing in number would have to be delisted.

Yes, you read that right. A species that is in more trouble now than it was when listed would have to be taken off the list.

Rep. Baca claims to care about the land. From his page on the environment: "As a member of the Committee on Natural Resources, I have the opportunity to protect one of the most treasured jewels of America, our land." Words are one thing. Actions are another. This action makes it clear that Rep. Baca doesn't care about endangered species at all.

Business and biodiversity

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World Business Council for Sustainable Development

Image via Wikipedia

Last fall at the 10th Conference of the Parties to the International Convention on Biodiversity, The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity project (TEEB) released a report documenting the enormous economic value provided by healthy ecosystems and biodiversity. On Friday, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development released its Guide to Ecosystem Valuation.

From the Executive Summary of the report:

The ability to factor ecosystem values into business decision-making is becoming an ever-more pressing need because:
  • There is increasing evidence that ongoing ecosystem degradation has a material impact on companies - undermining performance, profits, their license to operate and access to new markets.
  • New opportunities are emerging that are linked in some way to restoring and managing ecosystems. For example, according to WBCSD's Vision 2050 project, sustainability-related global business opportunities in natural resources may be in the order of US$ 2-6 trillion per annum by 2050.
  • Communities, NGOs, customers, consumers andshareholders are becoming increasingly conscious of the interrelationship between business operations and the state of ecosystems, and are demanding that these issues are addressed, reported and accounted for.
  • Meanwhile, in many parts of the world, the regulatory and legal requirements for companies to minimize and mitigate their ecosystem impacts, and to fully compensate any damages caused, are becoming more stringent.
The report argues that corporate ecosystem valuation allows companies to "improve decision- making and thereby increase revenue, save costs and boost the value of their assets and potentially share prices." Business make more money, ecosystems stay healthy, and biodiversity is conserved. What could be better than that?

Mindboggling video of the tsunami in Japan

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By now we've all seen many videos of last month's tsunami in Japan, but I haven't seen any that show the midnboggling power and size like this one.

http://www.dumpert.nl/mediabase/1416681/71a8dbc9/nieuwe_tsunami_footage.html

Sorry I can't embed it here. You'll just have to go see for yourself.


Extra calories

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In 1970, the average American consumed 2168 calories per day. By 2007, the number had increased to 2673. Is it any wonder that obesity rose dramatically over the same time. Only Colorado and the District of Columbia have a rate of obesity less than 20%. Nine states have rates of obesity greater than 30%. The animated graphic below (from Civil Eats) shows how the source of calories has changed over the last 40 years. Visit Civil Eats for more explanation and for a version of the graphic that isn't chopped off on the sides

This browser does not have a Java Plug-in.Get the latest Java Plug-in here.


Happy Birthday BioOne!

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BioOne_distribution2011.gifTen years ago, on April 2nd, 2001, BioOne went live with 40 journals and 320 subscribing libraries and institutions. The BioOne collections (BioOne.1, BioOne.2, and BioOne Open Access) now includes 167 titles from 125 non-profit publishers and serves 4000 libraries around the globe. I am proud to have been associated with BioOne since a few months before we went "live", and I'm delighted to congratulate the many people and organizations who worked very hard to make this dream a reality, notably the five founding members of BioOne (the American Institute of Biological Sciences, the Big 12 Plus Libraries Consortium (renamed the Greater Western Library Alliance in 2001), the University of Kansas, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition, and Allen Press, Inc.) and BioOne's tremendously talented staff

From our mission statement:

BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research.

BioOne explores economic models and strategic partnerships that balance the needs of all stakeholders, and currently demonstrates this balance by offering financially sustainable information services in the biological sciences. BioOne supports best practices that increase operational effectiveness and technological standards that integrate its content with a global network of scholarly exchange.
If you're not familiar with BioOne, please head over to our site and look around. I think you'll like what you find there.1

BSA member spotlight

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BSA-member-spotlight.png
Every week the Botanical Society of America features a different member on the home page. The image at the right is a screen shot of this week's "Member Spotlight" -- and, yes, that is me you see there.

If for some reason you'd like to read the associated profile, you could type in the long URL that appears at the bottom of the image, or you could just click here.

If only this were real

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