The Structure of Scientific Thought

Science 240

Spring 2002


Lecture schedule

1. W Jan 23.  Introduction to the Course.

I. Science, Logic, and Observation (6 sessions, Prof. Hiskes)

2. F  Jan. 25.  Theories.  Kosso BN Chap. 1; Carnap, “Theories and Unobservables”(Reserve, CP).
Study Guide 1

3. M  Jan. 28.  Testing Theories.  Popper, “Conjectures and Refutation(Reserve, CP); Sober “Deductive Arguments” (Reserve);  Kosso BN Chapt. 4. “Confirmation” pp. 69-78.

4. W  Jan. 30.  Testing Theories cont.

5. F  Feb. 1.  Logical Limits of Testing.  Kosso BN Chapt. 4 pp. 78-86; Sober “Induction and Abduction”(Reserve).
Study Guide 2

6. M Feb. 4.  Theory Choice by Other Means.  Kosso BN Chapt. 2.

7. W Feb. 6.   The Underdetermination Problem. Kosso BN Chapt. 5 pp. 87-92.

II. Evolutionary Theory and Creationist Theory (7 sessions, Prof. Holsinger)

8. F  Feb. 8.   The structure of evolutionary theory. Pp.1-15 in Richards; Sections 1.1-1.3 in Sober, “What is Evolutionary Theory” (reserve)
Study Guide 3

9. M Feb. 11.   The structure of evolutionary theory (continued). Pp. 15-24 in Richards; Sections 1.5-1.7 in Sober “What is Evolutionary Theory” (reserve)
Homework assignment #1 due

10. W Feb. 13.  Natural selection and the charge of tautology. Sections 3.1-3.4 in Sober “Fitness” (Reserve)

11. F Feb. 15.   Historical explanation: general principles. Pp. 231-243 in Hempel, "General Laws in History", from Aspects of Scientific Explanation; Section 1.4 in Sober “What Is Evolutionary Theory”. (all on reserve)

12. M Feb. 18.  Historical explanation: extinction of the dinosaurs. Pp. 647—658 in Ridley, "Mass Extinctions", from Evolution (on reserve)

13. W Feb. 20.  Creationism and natural theology. Pp. 26-29 in Richards; Sober, “Creationism”,Sec. 2.1-2.3 (Reserve, CP)

14. F Feb. 22.   Creationism and intelligent design. Sections 2.4-2.8 in Sober “Creationism”; Arnhart, “Evolution and the new creationism: a proposal for compromise”; Rosenhouse, “The design detectives”. (both on Reserve, CP)

III. Realist versus Empiricist Interpretations of Science (5 sessions, Prof. Hiskes)

15. M Feb. 25. Two views of Science.  Allchin, “Points East and West: A Comparative Philosophy of Science” (Reserve, CP)
Study Guide 4

16. W Feb. 27. Understanding Realism and Empiricism.. Kosso pp. 92-102.

17. F Mar. 1. Two Arguments for and against Realism and Empiricism

18. M Mar. 4. Observation and Objectivity.  Kosso pp. 102-104; Chapt. 6; Hanson “Observation” (reserve, CP)
Homework assignment #2 due

19. W Mar. 6. Observation and Independence. Kosso pp. 155-158, Chapt. 9.

IV. Paradigms (2 sessions, Prof. Hiskes)

20. F Mar. 8. Paradigms and Normal Science. Kuhn, “Selections from the Structure of Scientific Revolutions” pp. 237-247. (reserve, CP)

21. M Mar. 11. Scientific Revolutions.  Kuhn, “Selections from the Structure of Scientific Revolutions, pp. 247-258 and the part by Kuhn “Revolutions as Changes of World View”.

(Reserve, CP)

22. W Mar.13. Mid-term Exam

V. Cosmology, World View, and the Limits of Science (7 sessions, Prof. Hiskes)

23. F Mar. 15   A Philosophy of Science.  Ellis, Chapt. 1,2.

SPRING BREAK – SPRING FREE

24. M Mar. 25. Paradigms in Physics. Ellis Chapt. 3.
Study Guide 5

25. W Mar. 27. The Origin of the Universe. Ellis, Chapt. 5
Homework Assignment #3 (initially due)

26. F Mar. 29. The End of the Universe.

27. M Apr. 1. Limits of Knowledge. Ellis, Chapt. 6
Homework Assignment #3 (final due date)
Study Guide 6

28. W Apr. 3. The Problem of Initial Conditions and the Anthropic Principles. Ellis, Chapt. 7

29. F  Apr. 5. Constucting a World-View. Ellis, Chapt. 8 pp.102-110.

VI. Paradigms in Biology (4 sessions, Prof. Holsinger)

31. W Apr. 10. The logic of reductionism and the unity of science. Rosenberg, “Motives for reductionism” (reserve)
Study Guide 7

32. F Apr. 12. Hemoglobin and molecular biology. Rosenberg, “A triumph of reductionism” (reserve)

33. M Apr. 15. The Mendelian paradigm. Rosenberg, “Mendel’s genes and Benzer’s cistrons” (reserve)

34. W Apr. 17. The paradigm of molecular genetics. Rosenberg, “Reduction obstructed” (reserve)

VII. Biology & Worldviews (9 sessions, Prof. Holsinger)

35. F Apr. 19.  Degrees of Darwinism. Pp. 51-66 in Richards
Homework Assignment #4 due

36. M Apr. 22.  The evolutionary psychology of sex. Pp. 67-86 in Richards
Study Guide 8

37. W Apr. 24.  Biological determinism. Pp. 100-125 in Richards

38. F Apr. 26. The evolution of altruism. Pp. 154-166 in Richards

39. M Apr. 29.  The evolutionary psychology of altruism. Pp. 166-183 in Richards.

40. W May 1.  Ethics in a Darwinian world. Pp. 184-195 in Richards.

41. F May 3. Prospects for an Environmental ethic. Leopold, “The land ethic”; Sober, “Philosophical problems for environmentalism” (Reserve)

42. M May 6. Science & religious belief. Haught, “Is religion opposed to science?” (Reserve,CP)
Study Guide 9
Homework Assignment #5 due

Final exam: Tuesday, May 14, 3:30-5:30


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Lecture schedule