...Surprisingly,¹

Or perhaps not.

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... it,²

By definition. It's new.

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... nucleotides.³

Why three when there are four nucleotides? Because if the nucleotide at a certain position is an A, for example, it can only change to a C, G, or T.

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... extensively⁴

That mean's they've made it more complicated.

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... understand.⁵

It's the concepts that get tricky, not the algebra.

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