When we think of human impacts on biodiversity we tend to focus on the impacts of modern Western civilization. Western civilization has undeniably had an enormous impact, but it is worth remembering that humans have been a part of every landscape for centuries or millenia. Mayan temples are now overgrown by what we often think of as ``primary forest.'' The colonization of Pacific islands by Polynesians led to the extinction of many native birds, and native Americans had profound effects on the distribution of plants and animals in North America. Some authors [8,10] have attributed the North American megafaunal extinction at the end of the Pleistocene to overhunting.