- ...
time.1
- Ordovician - 25 million years; Devonian - 30
million years; Permian/Triassic - 100 million years;
Cretaceous - 20 million years
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...Roman-Palumbi2003.2
- This estimate is very sensitive to estimates of the rate of nucleotide
substitution in mitochondria. Roman and Palumbi use estimates of
1.5-2.0
per base pair per year. If the rate were
higher, say, 1.5-2.0
per base pair per year, the
pre-exploration population sizes would be estimated at 0.6-2 times
greater than current estimates.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...
endangerment.3
- The numbers add to more than 100% because each
species may face threats in more than one category.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...Master-etal2000.4
- We
should probably change the vertebrate extinction number to 44, given
the apparent rediscovery of the ivory-billed
woodpecker [3].
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... extinct5
- And maybe only
3, if the ivory-billed woodpecker is still extant.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...
examples:6
- And don't forget the example of Pacific northwest
salmon populations cited earlier [4].
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... dominant.7
- We'll return to this topic
again when we talk about landscape change in a couple of months. There
is substantial evidence that human occupation of the Americas and of
Australia led to many extinctions among large mammals.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...
ago.8
- Candidate species - Plants and animals that have been
studied and the Service has concluded that they should be proposed for
addition to the Federal endangered and threatened species list. These
species have formerly been referred to as category 1 candidate
species. From the February 28, 1996 Federal Register, page
http://endangered.fws.gov/96cnorwt.html: ``those species for
which the Service has on file sufficient information on biological
vulnerability and threat(s) to support issuance of a proposed rule to
list but issuance of the proposed rule is precluded.''
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.